An epipolythiodioxopiperazine alkaloid and diversified aromatic polyketides with cytotoxicity from the Beibu Gulf coral-derived fungus Emericella nidulans GXIMD 02509 / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Marine microorganisms, especially marine fungi, have historically proven their value as a prolific source for structurally novel and pharmacologically active secondary metabolites (Deshmukh et al., 2018; Carroll et al., 2022). The corals constitute a dominant part of reefs with the highest biodiversity, and harbor highly diverse and abundant microbial symbionts in their tissue, skeleton, and mucus layer, with species-specific core members that are spatially partitioned across coral microhabitats (Wang WQ et al., 2022). The coral-associated fungi were very recently found to be vital producers of structurally diverse compounds, terpenes, alkaloids, peptides, aromatics, lactones, and steroids. They demonstrate a wide range of bioactivity such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antifouling activity (Chen et al., 2022). The genetically powerful genus Emericella (Ascomycota), which has marine and terrestrial sources, includes over 30 species and is distributed worldwide. It is considered a rich source of diverse secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity or cytotoxicity (Alburae et al., 2020). Notably, Emericella nidulans, the sexual state of a classic biosynthetic strain Aspergillus nidulans, was recently reported as an important source of highly methylated polyketides (Li et al., 2019) and isoindolone-containing meroterpenoids (Zhou et al., 2016) with unusual skeletons.

Myopia-related health belief and screen time of primary and secondary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the correlation between myopia related health belief and screen time of primary and secondary school students in Jing-an District of Shanghai, and to provide suggestions for reducing screen time and preventing myopia.@*Methods@#Using the method of cluster sampling,1 585 students from grade one to grade eight of a primary school and a junior high school in Jing-an District were selected for a questionnaire survey regarding myopia related health belief, screen time and the correlation between them.@*Results@#About 18.8%-44.4% of the students perceived themselves as myopia susceptible,which increased with grade (χ 2=33.25,P<0.01), 51.5%-78.0% of the students were aware of the adverse health impart of myopia, 39.3%-55.6% of the students were aware of unhealthy behaviors associated with myopia and 48.7%-77.5% of the students. More than 47.6% of the students daily screen time was more than 2 h/day, and daily screen time increased with grade (χ 2=12.18, P<0.01). Perceived susceptibility for myopia, awareness on adverse health impact of myopia and unhealthy behaviors associated with myopia, as well as self-efficacy associated with myopia prevention were associated with screen time of students.@*Conclusion@#The primary and middle school students in Jing an District show low lever of knowledge on myopia susceptibility and threat, but higher lever of knowledge on myopia severity and self-efficacy of preventing myopia. nearly half of the students use electronic screens too long or too close to their eyes. Awareness on myopia susceptibility, myopia-related behaviors and health impacts of myopia and self-efficacy, combined with screen time reduction might help myopia prevention.

Efeito de um novo produto fermentado de soja, enriquecido com isoflavonas e cálcio, sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas / Effect of a novel soy fermented product enriched with isoflavones and calcium on bone tissue of rats

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da ingestao de um produto a base de soja, fermentado com Enterococcus faecium e Lactobacillus jugurti, enriquecido com isoflavonas e cálcio sobre o peso corpóreo e sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas maduras ovariectomizadas. Os animais foram divididos em 5 grupos: pseudo-ovariectomizados, ovariectomizados, ovariectomizados que ingeriram produto fermentado de soja enriquecido com isoflavonas e cálcio, ovariectomizados que ingeriram produto fermentado de soja enriquecido com cálcio e ovariectomizados que ingeriram produto não fermentado enriquecido com cálcio. Tíbias e fêmures foram utilizados para análise do comprimento ósseo; ensaio mecânico de flexao de três pontos; densidade óssea (princípio de Arquimedes); conteúdo mineral ósseo; conteúdo de cálcio ósseo e medida das larguras das trabéculas. A ingestao do produto fermentado de soja enriquecido com isoflavonas e cálcio apesar de nao ter exercido efeitos nos parâmetros como comprimento, densidade, conteúdo mineral, conteúdo de cálcio e carga máxima suportada, foi capaz de evitar o aumento de peso corpóreo causado pela ovariectomia, além de ter demonstrado uma tendência à proteçao das trabéculas, prevenindo a reduçao da largura das mesmas ocasionada pela castraçao